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math.h
Go to the documentation of this file.
1 /* Copyright (c) 2002,2007-2009 Michael Stumpf
2 
3  Portions of documentation Copyright (c) 1990 - 1994
4  The Regents of the University of California.
5 
6  All rights reserved.
7 
8  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
10 
11  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 
14  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
16  the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
17  distribution.
18 
19  * Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of
20  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
21  from this software without specific prior written permission.
22 
23  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
24  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
27  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
28  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
29  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
30  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
31  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
32  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
33  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */
34 
35 /* $Id: math.h 2503 2016-02-07 22:59:47Z joerg_wunsch $ */
36 
37 /*
38  math.h - mathematical functions
39 
40  Author : Michael Stumpf
41  Michael.Stumpf@t-online.de
42 
43  __ATTR_CONST__ added by marekm@linux.org.pl for functions
44  that "do not examine any values except their arguments, and have
45  no effects except the return value", for better optimization by gcc.
46  */
47 
48 #ifndef __MATH_H
49 #define __MATH_H
50 
51 /** \file */
52 /** \defgroup avr_math <math.h>: Mathematics
53  \code #include <math.h> \endcode
54 
55  This header file declares basic mathematics constants and
56  functions.
57 
58  \par Notes:
59  - In order to access the functions declared herein, it is usually
60  also required to additionally link against the library \c libm.a.
61  See also the related \ref faq_libm "FAQ entry".
62  - Math functions do not raise exceptions and do not change the
63  \c errno variable. Therefore the majority of them are declared
64  with const attribute, for better optimization by GCC. */
65 
66 
67 /** \ingroup avr_math */
68 /*@{*/
69 
70 /** The constant \a e. */
71 #define M_E 2.7182818284590452354
72 
73 /** The logarithm of the \a e to base 2. */
74 #define M_LOG2E 1.4426950408889634074 /* log_2 e */
75 
76 /** The logarithm of the \a e to base 10. */
77 #define M_LOG10E 0.43429448190325182765 /* log_10 e */
78 
79 /** The natural logarithm of the 2. */
80 #define M_LN2 0.69314718055994530942 /* log_e 2 */
81 
82 /** The natural logarithm of the 10. */
83 #define M_LN10 2.30258509299404568402 /* log_e 10 */
84 
85 /** The constant \a pi. */
86 #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 /* pi */
87 
88 /** The constant \a pi/2. */
89 #define M_PI_2 1.57079632679489661923 /* pi/2 */
90 
91 /** The constant \a pi/4. */
92 #define M_PI_4 0.78539816339744830962 /* pi/4 */
93 
94 /** The constant \a 1/pi. */
95 #define M_1_PI 0.31830988618379067154 /* 1/pi */
96 
97 /** The constant \a 2/pi. */
98 #define M_2_PI 0.63661977236758134308 /* 2/pi */
99 
100 /** The constant \a 2/sqrt(pi). */
101 #define M_2_SQRTPI 1.12837916709551257390 /* 2/sqrt(pi) */
102 
103 /** The square root of 2. */
104 #define M_SQRT2 1.41421356237309504880 /* sqrt(2) */
105 
106 /** The constant \a 1/sqrt(2). */
107 #define M_SQRT1_2 0.70710678118654752440 /* 1/sqrt(2) */
108 
109 /** NAN constant. */
110 #define NAN __builtin_nan("")
111 
112 /** INFINITY constant. */
113 #define INFINITY __builtin_inf()
114 
115 
116 #ifndef __ATTR_CONST__
117 # define __ATTR_CONST__ __attribute__((__const__))
118 #endif
119 
120 #ifdef __cplusplus
121 extern "C" {
122 #endif
123 
124 /**
125  The cos() function returns the cosine of \a __x, measured in radians.
126  */
127 extern double cos(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
128 #define cosf cos /**< The alias for cos(). */
129 
130 /**
131  The sin() function returns the sine of \a __x, measured in radians.
132  */
133 extern double sin(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
134 #define sinf sin /**< The alias for sin(). */
135 
136 /**
137  The tan() function returns the tangent of \a __x, measured in radians.
138  */
139 extern double tan(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
140 #define tanf tan /**< The alias for tan(). */
141 
142 /**
143  The fabs() function computes the absolute value of a floating-point
144  number \a __x.
145  */
146 extern double fabs(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
147 #define fabsf fabs /**< The alias for fabs(). */
148 
149 /**
150  The function fmod() returns the floating-point remainder of <em>__x /
151  __y</em>.
152  */
153 extern double fmod(double __x, double __y) __ATTR_CONST__;
154 #define fmodf fmod /**< The alias for fmod(). */
155 
156 /**
157  The modf() function breaks the argument \a __x into integral and
158  fractional parts, each of which has the same sign as the argument.
159  It stores the integral part as a double in the object pointed to by
160  \a __iptr.
161 
162  The modf() function returns the signed fractional part of \a __x.
163 
164  \note This implementation skips writing by zero pointer. However,
165  the GCC 4.3 can replace this function with inline code that does not
166  permit to use NULL address for the avoiding of storing.
167  */
168 extern double modf(double __x, double *__iptr);
169 
170 /** An alias for modf(). */
171 extern float modff (float __x, float *__iptr);
172 
173 /**
174  The sqrt() function returns the non-negative square root of \a __x.
175  */
176 extern double sqrt(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
177 
178 /** An alias for sqrt(). */
179 extern float sqrtf (float) __ATTR_CONST__;
180 
181 /**
182  The cbrt() function returns the cube root of \a __x.
183  */
184 extern double cbrt(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
185 #define cbrtf cbrt /**< The alias for cbrt(). */
186 
187 /**
188  The hypot() function returns <em>sqrt(__x*__x + __y*__y)</em>. This
189  is the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides of
190  length \a __x and \a __y, or the distance of the point (\a __x, \a
191  __y) from the origin. Using this function instead of the direct
192  formula is wise, since the error is much smaller. No underflow with
193  small \a __x and \a __y. No overflow if result is in range.
194  */
195 extern double hypot (double __x, double __y) __ATTR_CONST__;
196 #define hypotf hypot /**< The alias for hypot(). */
197 
198 /**
199  The function square() returns <em>__x * __x</em>.
200 
201  \note This function does not belong to the C standard definition.
202  */
203 extern double square(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
204 #define squaref square /**< The alias for square(). */
205 
206 /**
207  The floor() function returns the largest integral value less than or
208  equal to \a __x, expressed as a floating-point number.
209  */
210 extern double floor(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
211 #define floorf floor /**< The alias for floor(). */
212 
213 /**
214  The ceil() function returns the smallest integral value greater than
215  or equal to \a __x, expressed as a floating-point number.
216  */
217 extern double ceil(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
218 #define ceilf ceil /**< The alias for ceil(). */
219 
220 /**
221  The frexp() function breaks a floating-point number into a normalized
222  fraction and an integral power of 2. It stores the integer in the \c
223  int object pointed to by \a __pexp.
224 
225  If \a __x is a normal float point number, the frexp() function
226  returns the value \c v, such that \c v has a magnitude in the
227  interval [1/2, 1) or zero, and \a __x equals \c v times 2 raised to
228  the power \a __pexp. If \a __x is zero, both parts of the result are
229  zero. If \a __x is not a finite number, the frexp() returns \a __x as
230  is and stores 0 by \a __pexp.
231 
232  \note This implementation permits a zero pointer as a directive to
233  skip a storing the exponent.
234  */
235 extern double frexp(double __x, int *__pexp);
236 #define frexpf frexp /**< The alias for frexp(). */
237 
238 /**
239  The ldexp() function multiplies a floating-point number by an integral
240  power of 2. It returns the value of \a __x times 2 raised to the power
241  \a __exp.
242  */
243 extern double ldexp(double __x, int __exp) __ATTR_CONST__;
244 #define ldexpf ldexp /**< The alias for ldexp(). */
245 
246 /**
247  The exp() function returns the exponential value of \a __x.
248  */
249 extern double exp(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
250 #define expf exp /**< The alias for exp(). */
251 
252 /**
253  The cosh() function returns the hyperbolic cosine of \a __x.
254  */
255 extern double cosh(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
256 #define coshf cosh /**< The alias for cosh(). */
257 
258 /**
259  The sinh() function returns the hyperbolic sine of \a __x.
260  */
261 extern double sinh(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
262 #define sinhf sinh /**< The alias for sinh(). */
263 
264 /**
265  The tanh() function returns the hyperbolic tangent of \a __x.
266  */
267 extern double tanh(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
268 #define tanhf tanh /**< The alias for tanh(). */
269 
270 /**
271  The acos() function computes the principal value of the arc cosine of
272  \a __x. The returned value is in the range [0, pi] radians. A domain
273  error occurs for arguments not in the range [-1, +1].
274  */
275 extern double acos(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
276 #define acosf acos /**< The alias for acos(). */
277 
278 /**
279  The asin() function computes the principal value of the arc sine of
280  \a __x. The returned value is in the range [-pi/2, pi/2] radians. A
281  domain error occurs for arguments not in the range [-1, +1].
282  */
283 extern double asin(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
284 #define asinf asin /**< The alias for asin(). */
285 
286 /**
287  The atan() function computes the principal value of the arc tangent
288  of \a __x. The returned value is in the range [-pi/2, pi/2] radians.
289  */
290 extern double atan(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
291 #define atanf atan /**< The alias for atan(). */
292 
293 /**
294  The atan2() function computes the principal value of the arc tangent
295  of <em>__y / __x</em>, using the signs of both arguments to determine
296  the quadrant of the return value. The returned value is in the range
297  [-pi, +pi] radians.
298  */
299 extern double atan2(double __y, double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
300 #define atan2f atan2 /**< The alias for atan2(). */
301 
302 /**
303  The log() function returns the natural logarithm of argument \a __x.
304  */
305 extern double log(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
306 #define logf log /**< The alias for log(). */
307 
308 /**
309  The log10() function returns the logarithm of argument \a __x to base 10.
310  */
311 extern double log10(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
312 #define log10f log10 /**< The alias for log10(). */
313 
314 /**
315  The function pow() returns the value of \a __x to the exponent \a __y.
316  */
317 extern double pow(double __x, double __y) __ATTR_CONST__;
318 #define powf pow /**< The alias for pow(). */
319 
320 /**
321  The function isnan() returns 1 if the argument \a __x represents a
322  "not-a-number" (NaN) object, otherwise 0.
323  */
324 extern int isnan(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
325 #define isnanf isnan /**< The alias for isnan(). */
326 
327 /**
328  The function isinf() returns 1 if the argument \a __x is positive
329  infinity, -1 if \a __x is negative infinity, and 0 otherwise.
330 
331  \note The GCC 4.3 can replace this function with inline code that
332  returns the 1 value for both infinities (gcc bug #35509).
333  */
334 extern int isinf(double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
335 #define isinff isinf /**< The alias for isinf(). */
336 
337 /**
338  The isfinite() function returns a nonzero value if \a __x is finite:
339  not plus or minus infinity, and not NaN.
340  */
341 __ATTR_CONST__ static inline int isfinite (double __x)
342 {
343  unsigned char __exp;
344  __asm__ (
345  "mov %0, %C1 \n\t"
346  "lsl %0 \n\t"
347  "mov %0, %D1 \n\t"
348  "rol %0 "
349  : "=r" (__exp)
350  : "r" (__x) );
351  return __exp != 0xff;
352 }
353 #define isfinitef isfinite /**< The alias for isfinite(). */
354 
355 /**
356  The copysign() function returns \a __x but with the sign of \a __y.
357  They work even if \a __x or \a __y are NaN or zero.
358 */
359 __ATTR_CONST__ static inline double copysign (double __x, double __y)
360 {
361  __asm__ (
362  "bst %D2, 7 \n\t"
363  "bld %D0, 7 "
364  : "=r" (__x)
365  : "0" (__x), "r" (__y) );
366  return __x;
367 }
368 #define copysignf copysign /**< The alias for copysign(). */
369 
370 /**
371  The signbit() function returns a nonzero value if the value of \a __x
372  has its sign bit set. This is not the same as `\a __x < 0.0',
373  because IEEE 754 floating point allows zero to be signed. The
374  comparison `-0.0 < 0.0' is false, but `signbit (-0.0)' will return a
375  nonzero value.
376  */
377 extern int signbit (double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
378 #define signbitf signbit /**< The alias for signbit(). */
379 
380 /**
381  The fdim() function returns <em>max(__x - __y, 0)</em>. If \a __x or
382  \a __y or both are NaN, NaN is returned.
383  */
384 extern double fdim (double __x, double __y) __ATTR_CONST__;
385 #define fdimf fdim /**< The alias for fdim(). */
386 
387 /**
388  The fma() function performs floating-point multiply-add. This is the
389  operation <em>(__x * __y) + __z</em>, but the intermediate result is
390  not rounded to the destination type. This can sometimes improve the
391  precision of a calculation.
392  */
393 extern double fma (double __x, double __y, double __z) __ATTR_CONST__;
394 #define fmaf fma /**< The alias for fma(). */
395 
396 /**
397  The fmax() function returns the greater of the two values \a __x and
398  \a __y. If an argument is NaN, the other argument is returned. If
399  both arguments are NaN, NaN is returned.
400  */
401 extern double fmax (double __x, double __y) __ATTR_CONST__;
402 #define fmaxf fmax /**< The alias for fmax(). */
403 
404 /**
405  The fmin() function returns the lesser of the two values \a __x and
406  \a __y. If an argument is NaN, the other argument is returned. If
407  both arguments are NaN, NaN is returned.
408  */
409 extern double fmin (double __x, double __y) __ATTR_CONST__;
410 #define fminf fmin /**< The alias for fmin(). */
411 
412 /**
413  The trunc() function rounds \a __x to the nearest integer not larger
414  in absolute value.
415  */
416 extern double trunc (double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
417 #define truncf trunc /**< The alias for trunc(). */
418 
419 /**
420  The round() function rounds \a __x to the nearest integer, but rounds
421  halfway cases away from zero (instead of to the nearest even integer).
422  Overflow is impossible.
423 
424  \return The rounded value. If \a __x is an integral or infinite, \a
425  __x itself is returned. If \a __x is \c NaN, then \c NaN is returned.
426  */
427 extern double round (double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
428 #define roundf round /**< The alias for round(). */
429 
430 /**
431  The lround() function rounds \a __x to the nearest integer, but rounds
432  halfway cases away from zero (instead of to the nearest even integer).
433  This function is similar to round() function, but it differs in type of
434  return value and in that an overflow is possible.
435 
436  \return The rounded long integer value. If \a __x is not a finite number
437  or an overflow was, this realization returns the \c LONG_MIN value
438  (0x80000000).
439  */
440 extern long lround (double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
441 #define lroundf lround /**< The alias for lround(). */
442 
443 /**
444  The lrint() function rounds \a __x to the nearest integer, rounding the
445  halfway cases to the even integer direction. (That is both 1.5 and 2.5
446  values are rounded to 2). This function is similar to rint() function,
447  but it differs in type of return value and in that an overflow is
448  possible.
449 
450  \return The rounded long integer value. If \a __x is not a finite
451  number or an overflow was, this realization returns the \c LONG_MIN
452  value (0x80000000).
453  */
454 extern long lrint (double __x) __ATTR_CONST__;
455 #define lrintf lrint /**< The alias for lrint(). */
456 
457 #ifdef __cplusplus
458 }
459 #endif
460 
461 /*@}*/
462 #endif /* !__MATH_H */
int isinf(double __x)
double cosh(double __x)
double fabs(double __x)
double ldexp(double __x, int __exp)
int signbit(double __x)
float modff(float __x, float *__iptr)
static int isfinite(double __x)
Definition: math.h:341
double log(double __x)
double cbrt(double __x)
long lround(double __x)
double fmod(double __x, double __y)
double sin(double __x)
double fmin(double __x, double __y)
double cos(double __x)
double sqrt(double __x)
double fdim(double __x, double __y)
double square(double __x)
double sinh(double __x)
double hypot(double __x, double __y)
double round(double __x)
double tan(double __x)
long lrint(double __x)
double tanh(double __x)
double fmax(double __x, double __y)
double acos(double __x)
double log10(double __x)
double ceil(double __x)
double exp(double __x)
double pow(double __x, double __y)
double frexp(double __x, int *__pexp)
float sqrtf(float)
double fma(double __x, double __y, double __z)
static double copysign(double __x, double __y)
Definition: math.h:359
double asin(double __x)
double trunc(double __x)
int isnan(double __x)
double atan(double __x)
double modf(double __x, double *__iptr)
double floor(double __x)
double atan2(double __y, double __x)