Incorporating Material Characteristics in GSCM for Accurate Channel Modeling in Urban Scenarios

Xinru Yao ()

Sammanfattning

Accurate modeling of wireless channels in urban environments is crucial for the design and evaluation of communication systems. Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Models (GSCMs) provide a balance between physical realism and computational efficiency by simulating multi-path components (MPCs) through simplified ray tracing and stochastic scatterer distributions. However, conventional GSCMs often assume homogeneous reflection properties for all scatterers, neglecting the diverse material compositions found in real-world urban settings—an oversimplification that can reduce model fidelity.

This thesis addresses this limitation by incorporating material-specific reflection models into the GSCM framework to better capture the impact of material heterogeneity on MPC behavior. The physical properties of common urban materials are analyzed, and reflection gain ranges are derived using theoretical tools such as Fresnel equations. These material-dependent gains—along with their angle-dependent characteristics—are embedded into a custom simulation platform built with the open-source Godot engine. Angular dependence is captured via a proposed angular gain model, which modulates reflection strength based on incident and reflection geometry. The Godot engine supports flexible 3D scene construction and efficient ray casting, enabling dynamic and modular channel modeling.

The extended GSCM framework is validated against a baseline COST IRACON implementation and further compared with real-world Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) channel measurements at 3.2 GHz, conducted in a Vienna urban street scenario. Channel characteristics such as power-delay profiles (PDPs) are used as key performance indicators.

Handledare: Aleksei Fedorov (EIT) och Galina Sidorenko (EIT)
Examinator: Michael Lentmaier (EIT)